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Public Weather Data Sources and Their Limits
Much of the weather data cited in property claims traces back, directly or indirectly, to sources that are freely available to the public. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Weather Service maintain several archives that anyone with...Browse the full Resources Index
Spatter Marks as Storm Evidence
Hail leaves marks in places most people never think to look. Gutters, downspouts, window screens, air conditioner fins, and painted metal flashing all tend to be softer than a shingle’s mineral surface, and a hail strike on these materials often produces a...Browse the full Resources Index
Reading Storm Direction From Damage Patterns
Storms move in a direction, and the damage they leave behind often carries a trace of that movement. Reading directional patterns in hail and wind damage is a skill that combines careful physical inspection with an understanding of how storms typically travel across a...Browse the full Resources Index
Straight Line Winds, Microbursts, and Tornado Damage Differences
A fence blown flat in one direction, a row of trees snapped at the same height, and a detached garage with its roof peeled back like a sardine can are all wind damage, but the forces that produced them are not the same event. Minnesota sees all three patterns in a...Browse the full Resources Index
